Surface: 

    Mars’ surface features red iron oxide, vast plains, Olympus Mons, Valles Marineris, polar ice caps, and extreme temperature variations.

Hydrated Minerals:

    Mars” hydrated minerals, like clays and sulfates, suggest past water presence, indicating ancient lakes, rivers, and a wetter climate.

Ferric Oxide:

    Ferric oxide on Mars makes the planet red, indicating abundant iron minerals and contributing to its distinctive appearance.

Pyroxene:

    Pyroxene on Mars, a dark mineral, reveals volcanic origins and helps scientists understand the planet’s igneous rock composition.

Dust:

   Mars dust, fine and pervasive, affects climate, covers surfaces, and contributes to seasonal changes and global dust storms.